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Fundamental Beliefs of Seventh-day Adventists
Seventh-day Adventists accept the Bible as their only creed and hold
certain fundamental beliefs to be the teaching of the Holy Scriptures.
These beliefs, as set forth here, constitute the church's understanding
and expression of the teaching of Scripture. Revision of these statements
may be expected at a General Conference session when the church is led by
the Holy Spirit to a fuller understanding of Bible truth or finds better
language in which to express the teachings of God's Holy Word.
1. The Holy Scriptures:
The Holy Scriptures, Old and New Testaments, are the written Word of God,
given by divine inspiration through holy men of God who spoke and wrote as
they were moved by the Holy Spirit. In this Word, God has committed to man
the knowledge necessary for salvation. The Holy Scriptures are the
infallible revelation of His will. They are the standard of character, the
test of experience, the authoritative revealer of doctrines, and the
trustworthy record of God's acts in history. (2 Peter 1:20, 21; 2 Tim.
3:16, 17; Ps. 119:105; Prov. 30:5, 6; Isa. 8:20; John 17:17; 1 Thess.
2:13; Heb. 4:12.)
2. The Trinity: There is
one God: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, a unity of three co-eternal
Persons. God is immortal, all-powerful, all-knowing, above all, and ever
present. He is infinite and beyond human comprehension, yet known through
His self-revelation. He is forever worthy of worship, adoration, and
service by the whole creation. (Deut. 6:4; Matt. 28:19; 2 Cor. 13:14; Eph.
4:4-6; 1 Peter 1:2; 1 Tim. 1:17; Rev. 14:7.)
3. The Father: God the
eternal Father is the Creator, Source, Sustainer, and Sovereign of all
creation. He is just and holy, merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and
abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness. The qualities and powers
exhibited in the Son and the Holy Spirit are also revelations of the
Father. (Gen. 1:1; Rev. 4:11; 1 Cor. 15:28; John 3:16; 1 John 4:8; 1 Tim.
1:17; Ex. 34:6, 7; John 14:9.)
4. The Son: God the
eternal Son became incarnate in Jesus Christ. Through Him all things were
created, the character of God is revealed, the salvation of humanity is
accomplished, and the world is judged. Forever truly God, He became also
truly man, Jesus the Christ. He was conceived of the Holy Spirit and born
of the virgin Mary. He lived and experienced temptation as a human being,
but perfectly exemplified the righteousness and love of God. By His
miracles He manifested God's power and was attested as God's promised
Messiah. He suffered and died voluntarily on the cross for our sins and in
our place, was raised from the dead, and ascended to minister in the
heavenly sanctuary in our behalf. He will come again in glory for the
final deliverance of His people and the restoration of all things. (John
1:1-3, 14; Col. 1:15-19; John 10:30; 14:9; Rom. 6:23; 2 Cor. 5:17-19; John
5:22; Luke 1:35; Phil. 2:5-11; Heb. 2:9-18; 1 Cor. 15:3, 4; Heb. 8:1, 2;
John 14:1-3.)
5. The Holy Spirit: God
the eternal Spirit was active with the Father and the Son in Creation,
incarnation, and redemption. He inspired the writers of Scripture. He
filled Christ's life with power. He draws and convicts human beings; and
those who respond He renews and transforms into the image of God. Sent by
the Father and the Son to be always with His children, He extends
spiritual gifts to the church, empowers it to bear witness to Christ, and
in harmony with the Scriptures leads it into all truth. (Gen. 1:1, 2; Luke
1:35; 4:18; Acts 10:38; 2 Peter 1:21; 2 Cor. 3:18; Eph. 4:11, 12; Acts
1:8; John 14:16-18, 26; 15:26, 27; 16:7-13.)
6. Creation: God is
Creator of all things, and has revealed in Scripture the authentic account
of His creative activity. In six days the Lord made "the heaven and
the earth" and all living things upon the earth, and rested on the
seventh day of that first week. Thus He established the Sabbath as a
perpetual memorial of His completed creative work. The first man and woman
were made in the image of God as the crowning work of Creation, given
dominion over the world, and charged with responsibility to care for it.
When the world was finished it was ``very good,'' declaring the glory of
God. (Gen. 1; 2; Ex. 20:8-11; Ps. 19:1-6; 33:6, 9; 104; Heb. 11:3.)
7. The Nature of Man: Man
and woman were made in the image of God with individuality, the power and
freedom to think and to do. Though created free beings, each is an
indivisible unity of body, mind, and spirit, dependent upon God for life
and breath and all else. When our first parents disobeyed God, they denied
their dependence upon Him and fell from their high position under God. The
image of God in them was marred and they became subject to death. Their
descendants share this fallen nature and its consequences. They are born
with weaknesses and tendencies to evil. But God in Christ reconciled the
world to Himself and by His Spirit restores in penitent mortals the image
of their Maker. Created for the glory of God, they are called to love Him
and one another, and to care for their environment. (Gen. 1:26-28; 2:7;
Ps. 8:4-8; Acts 17:24-28; Gen. 3; Ps. 51:5; Rom. 5:12-17; 2 Cor. 5:19, 20;
Ps. 51:10; 1 John 4:7, 8, 11, 20; Gen. 2:15.)
8. The Great Controversy:
All humanity is now involved in a great controversy between Christ and
Satan regarding the character of God, His law, and His sovereignty over
the universe. This conflict originated in heaven when a created being,
endowed with freedom of choice, in self-exaltation became Satan, God's
adversary, and led into rebellion a portion of the angels. He introduced
the spirit of rebellion into this world when he led Adam and Eve into sin.
This human sin resulted in the distortion of the image of God in humanity,
the disordering of the created world, and its eventual devastation at the
time of the worldwide flood. Observed by the whole creation, this world
became the arena of the universal conflict, out of which the God of love
will ultimately be vindicated. To assist His people in this controversy,
Christ sends the Holy Spirit and the loyal angels to guide, protect, and
sustain them in the way of salvation. (Rev. 12:4-9; Isa. 14:12-14; Eze.
28:12-18; Gen. 3; Rom. 1:19-32; 5:12-21; 8:19-22; Gen. 6-8; 2 Peter 3:6; 1
Cor. 4:9; Heb. 1:14.)
9. The Life, Death, and Resurrection of Christ:
In Christ's life of perfect obedience to God's will, His suffering, death,
and resurrection, God provided the only means of atonement for human sin,
so that those who by faith accept this atonement may have eternal life,
and the whole creation may better understand the infinite and holy love of
the Creator. This perfect atonement vindicates the righteousness of God's
law and the graciousness of His character; for it both condemns our sin
and provides for our forgiveness. The death of Christ is substitutionary
and expiatory, reconciling and transforming. The resurrection of Christ
proclaims God's triumph over the forces of evil, and for those who accept
the atonement assures their final victory over sin and death. It declares
the Lordship of Jesus Christ, before whom every knee in heaven and on
earth will bow. (John 3:16; Isa. 53; 1 Peter 2:21, 22; 1 Cor. 15:3, 4,
20-22; 2 Cor. 5:14, 15, 19-21; Rom. 1:4; 3:25; 4:25; 8:3, 4; 1 John 2:2;
4:10; Col. 2:15; Phil. 2:6-11.)
10. The Experience of Salvation:
In infinite love and mercy God made Christ, who knew no sin, to be sin for
us, so that in Him we might be made the righteousness of God. Led by the
Holy Spirit we sense our need, acknowledge our sinfulness, repent of our
transgressions, and exercise faith in Jesus as Lord and Christ, as
Substitute and Example. This faith which receives salvation comes through
the divine power of the Word and is the gift of God's grace. Through
Christ we are justified, adopted as God's sons and daughters, and
delivered from the lordship of sin. Through the Spirit we are born again
and sanctified; the Spirit renews our minds, writes God's law of love in
our hearts, and we are given the power to live a holy life. Abiding in Him
we become partakers of the divine nature and have the assurance of
salvation now and in the judgment. (2 Cor. 5:17-21; John 3:16; Gal. 1:4;
4:4-7; Titus 3:3-7; John 16:8; Gal. 3:13, 14; 1 Peter 2:21, 22; Rom.
10:17; Luke 17:5; Mark 9:23, 24; Eph. 2:5-10; Rom. 3:21-26; Col. 1:13, 14;
Rom. 8:14-17; Gal. 3:26; John 3:3-8; 1 Peter 1:23; Rom. 12:2; Heb. 8:7-12;
Eze. 36:25-27; 2 Peter 1:3, 4; Rom. 8:1-4; 5:6-10.)
11. The Church: The
church is the community of believers who confess Jesus Christ as Lord and
Savior. In continuity with the people of God in Old Testament times, we
are called out from the world; and we join together for worship, for
fellowship, for instruction in the Word, for the celebration of the Lord's
Supper, for service to all mankind, and for the worldwide proclamation of
the gospel. The church derives its authority from Christ, who is the
incarnate Word, and from the Scriptures, which are the written Word. The
church is God's family; adopted by Him as children, its members live on
the basis of the new covenant. The church is the body of Christ, a
community of faith of which Christ Himself is the Head. The church is the
bride for whom Christ died that He might sanctify and cleanse her. At His
return in triumph, He will present her to Himself a glorious church, the
faithful of all the ages, the purchase of His blood, not having spot or
wrinkle, but holy and without blemish. (Gen. 12:3; Acts 7:38; Eph.
4:11-15; 3:8-11; Matt. 28:19, 20; 16:13-20; 18:18; Eph. 2:19-22; 1:22, 23;
5:23-27; Col. 1:17, 18.)
12. The Remnant and Its Mission:
The universal church is composed of all who truly believe in Christ, but
in the last days, a time of widespread apostasy, a remnant has been called
out to keep the commandments of God and the faith of Jesus. This remnant
announces the arrival of the judgment hour, proclaims salvation through
Christ, and heralds the approach of His second advent. This proclamation
is symbolized by the three angels of Revelation 14; it coincides with the
work of judgment in heaven and results in a work of repentance and reform
on earth. Every believer is called to have a personal part in this
worldwide witness. (Rev. 12:17; 14:6-12; 18:1-4; 2 Cor. 5:10; Jude 3, 14;
1 Peter 1:16-19; 2 Peter 3:10-14; Rev. 21:1-14.)
13. Unity in the Body of Christ:
The church is one body with many members, called from every nation,
kindred, tongue, and people. In Christ we are a new creation; distinctions
of race, culture, learning, and nationality, and differences between high
and low, rich and poor, male and female, must not be divisive among us. We
are all equal in Christ, who by one Spirit has bonded us into one
fellowship with Him and with one another; we are to serve and be served
without partiality or reservation. Through the revelation of Jesus Christ
in the Scriptures we share the same faith and hope, and reach out in one
witness to all. This unity has its source in the oneness of the triune
God, who has adopted us as His children. (Rom. 12:4, 5; 1 Cor. 12:12-14;
Matt. 28:19, 20; Ps. 133:1; 2 Cor. 5:16, 17; Acts 17:26, 27; Gal. 3:27,
29; Col. 3:10-15; Eph. 4:14-16; 4:1-6; John 17:20-23.)
14. Baptism: By baptism
we confess our faith in the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, and
testify of our death to sin and of our purpose to walk in newness of life.
Thus we acknowledge Christ as Lord and Savior, become His people, and are
received as members by His church. Baptism is a symbol of our union with
Christ, the forgiveness of our sins, and our reception of the Holy Spirit.
It is by immersion in water and is contingent on an affirmation of faith
in Jesus and evidence of repentance of sin. It follows instruction in the
Holy Scriptures and acceptance of their teachings. (Rom. 6:1-6; Col. 2:12,
13; Acts 16:30-33; 22:16; 2:38; Matt. 28:19, 20.)
15. The Lord's Supper:
The Lord's Supper is a participation in the emblems of the body and blood
of Jesus as an expression of faith in Him, our Lord and Savior. In this
experience of communion Christ is present to meet and strengthen His
people. As we partake, we joyfully proclaim the Lord's death until He
comes again. Preparation for the Supper includes self-examination,
repentance, and confession. The Master ordained the service of foot
washing to signify renewed cleansing, to express a willingness to serve
one another in Christlike humility, and to unite our hearts in love. The
communion service is open to all believing Christians. (1 Cor. 10:16, 17;
11:23-30; Matt. 26:17-30; Rev. 3:20; John 6:48-63; 13:1-17.)
16. Spiritual Gifts and Ministries:
God bestows upon all members of His church in every age spiritual gifts
which each member is to employ in loving ministry for the common good of
the church and of humanity. Given by the agency of the Holy Spirit, who
apportions to each member as He wills, the gifts provide all abilities and
ministries needed by the church to fulfill its divinely ordained
functions. According to the Scriptures, these gifts include such
ministries as faith, healing, prophecy, proclamation, teaching,
administration, reconciliation, compassion, and self-sacrificing service
and charity for the help and encouragement of people. Some members are
called of God and endowed by the Spirit for functions recognized by the
church in pastoral, evangelistic, apostolic, and teaching ministries
particularly needed to equip the members for service, to build up the
church to spiritual maturity, and to foster unity of the faith and
knowledge of God. When members employ these spiritual gifts as faithful
stewards of God's varied grace, the church is protected from the
destructive influence of false doctrine, grows with a growth that is from
God, and is built up in faith and love. (Rom. 12:4-8; 1 Cor. 12:9-11, 27,
28; Eph. 4:8, 11-16; Acts 6:1-7; 1 Tim. 3:1-13; 1 Peter 4:10, 11.)
17. The Gift of Prophecy:
One of the gifts of the Holy Spirit is prophecy. This gift is an
identifying mark of the remnant church and was manifested in the ministry
of Ellen. G. White. As the Lord's messenger, her writings are a continuing
and authoritative source of truth which provide for the church comfort,
guidance, instruction, and correction. They also make clear that the Bible
is the standard by which all teaching and experience must be tested. (Joel
2:28, 29; Acts 2:14-21; Heb. 1:1-3; Rev. 12:17; 19:10.)
18. The Law of God: The
great principles of God's law are embodied in the Ten Commandments and
exemplified in the life of Christ. They express God's love, will, and
purposes concerning human conduct and relationships and are binding upon
all people in every age. These precepts are the basis of God's covenant
with His people and the standard in God's judgment. Through the agency of
the Holy Spirit they point out sin and awaken a sense of need for a
Savior. Salvation is all of grace and not of works, but its fruitage is
obedience to the Commandments. This obedience develops Christian character
and results in a sense of well-being. It is an evidence of our love for
the Lord and our concern for our fellow men. The obedience of faith
demonstrates the power of Christ to transform lives, and therefore
strengthens Christian witness. (Ex. 20:1-17; Ps. 40:7, 8; Matt. 22:36-40;
Deut. 28:1-14; Matt. 5:17-20; Heb. 8:8-10; John 15:7-10; Eph. 2:8-10; 1
John 5:3; Rom. 8:3, 4; Ps. 19:7-14.)
19. The Sabbath: The
beneficent Creator, after the six days of Creation, rested on the seventh
day and instituted the Sabbath for all people as a memorial of Creation.
The fourth commandment of God's unchangeable law requires the observance
of this seventh-day Sabbath as the day of rest, worship, and ministry in
harmony with the teaching and practice of Jesus, the Lord of the Sabbath.
The Sabbath is a day of delightful communion with God and one another. It
is a symbol of our redemption in Christ, a sign of our sanctification, a
token of our allegiance, and a foretaste of our eternal future in God's
kingdom. The Sabbath is God's perpetual sign of His eternal covenant
between Him and His people. Joyful observance of this holy time from
evening to evening, sunset to sunset, is a celebration of God's creative
and redemptive acts. (Gen. 2:1-3; Ex. 20:8-11; Luke 4:16; Isa. 56:5, 6;
58:13, 14; Matt. 12:1-12; Ex. 31:13-17; Eze. 20:12, 20; Deut. 5:12-15;
Heb. 4:1-11; Lev. 23:32; Mark 1:32.)
20. Stewardship: We are
God's stewards, entrusted by Him with time and opportunities, abilities
and possessions, and the blessings of the earth and its resources. We are
responsible to Him for their proper use. We acknowledge God's ownership by
faithful service to Him and our fellow men, and by returning tithes and
giving offerings for the proclamation of His gospel and the support and
growth of His church. Stewardship is a privilege given to us by God for
nurture in love and the victory over selfishness and covetousness. The
steward rejoices in the blessings that come to others as a result of his
faithfulness. (Gen. 1:26-28; 2:15; 1 Chron. 29:14; Haggai 1:3-11; Mal.
3:8-12; 1 Cor. 9:9-14; Matt. 23:23; 2 Cor. 8:1-15; Rom. 15:26, 27.)
21. Christian Behavior:
We are called to be a godly people who think, feel, and act in harmony
with the principles of heaven. For the Spirit to recreate in us the
character of our Lord we involve ourselves only in those things which will
produce Christlike purity, health, and joy in our lives. This means that
our amusement and entertainment should meet the highest standards of
Christian taste and beauty. While recognizing cultural differences, our
dress is to be simple, modest, and neat, befitting those whose true beauty
does not consist of outward adornment but in the imperishable ornament of
a gentle and quiet spirit. It also means that because our bodies are the
temples of the Holy Spirit, we are to care for them intelligently. Along
with adequate exercise and rest, we are to adopt the most healthful diet
possible and abstain from the unclean foods identified in the Scriptures.
Since alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and the irresponsible use of drugs and
narcotics are harmful to our bodies, we are to abstain from them as well.
Instead, we are to engage in whatever brings our thoughts and bodies into
the discipline of Christ, who desires our wholesomeness, joy, and
goodness. (Rom. 12:1, 2; 1 John 2:6; Eph. 5:1-21; Phil. 4:8; 2 Cor. 10:5;
6:14-7:1; 1 Peter 3:1-4; 1 Cor. 6:19, 20; 10:31; Lev. 11:1-47; 3 John 2.)
22. Marriage and the Family: Marriage
was divinely established in Eden and affirmed by Jesus to be a lifelong
union between a man and a woman in loving companionship. For the Christian
a marriage commitment is to God as well as to the spouse, and should be
entered into only between partners who share a common faith. Mutual love,
honor, respect, and responsibility are the fabric of this relationship,
which is to reflect the love, sanctity, closeness, and permanence of the
relationship between Christ and His church. Regarding divorce, Jesus
taught that the person who divorces a spouse, except for fornication, and
marries another, commits adultery. Although some family relationships may
fall short of the ideal, marriage partners who fully commit themselves to
each other in Christ may achieve loving unity through the guidance of the
Spirit and the nurture of the church. God blesses the family and intends
that its members shall assist each other toward complete maturity. Parents
are to bring up their children to love and obey the Lord. By their example
and their words they are to teach them that Christ is a loving
disciplinarian, ever tender and caring, who wants them to become members
of His body, the family of God. Increasing family closeness is one of the
earmarks of the final gospel message. (Gen. 2:18-25; Matt. 19:3-9; John
2:1-11; 2 Cor. 6:14; Eph. 5:21-33; Matt. 5:31, 32; Mark 10:11, 12; Luke
16:18; 1 Cor. 7:10, 11; Ex. 20:12; Eph. 6:1-4; Deut. 6:5-9; Prov. 22:6;
Mal. 4:5, 6.)
23. Christ's Ministry in the Heavenly Sanctuary:
There is a sanctuary in heaven, the true tabernacle which the Lord set up
and not man. In it Christ ministers on our behalf, making available to
believers the benefits of His atoning sacrifice offered once for all on
the cross. He was inaugurated as our great High Priest and began His
intercessory ministry at the time of His ascension. In 1844, at the end of
the prophetic period of 2300 days, He entered the second and last phase of
His atoning ministry. It is a work of investigative judgment which is part
of the ultimate disposition of all sin, typified by the cleansing of the
ancient Hebrew sanctuary on the Day of Atonement. In that typical service
the sanctuary was cleansed with the blood of animal sacrifices, but the
heavenly things are purified with the perfect sacrifice of the blood of
Jesus. The investigative judgment reveals to heavenly intelligences who
among the dead are asleep in Christ and therefore, in Him, are deemed
worthy to have part in the first resurrection. It also makes manifest who
among the living are abiding in Christ, keeping the commandments of God
and the faith of Jesus, and in Him, therefore, are ready for translation
into His everlasting kingdom. This judgment vindicates the justice of God
in saving those who believe in Jesus. It declares that those who have
remained loyal to God shall receive the kingdom. The completion of this
ministry of Christ will mark the close of human probation before the
Second Advent. (Heb. 8:1-5; 4:14-16; 9:11-28; 10:19-22; 1:3; 2:16, 17;
Dan. 7:9-27; 8:13, 14; 9:24-27; Num. 14:34; Eze. 4:6; Lev. 16; Rev. 14:6,
7; 20:12; 14:12; 22:12.)
24. The Second Coming of Christ:
The second coming of Christ is the blessed hope of the church, the grand
climax of the gospel. The Savior’s coming will be literal, personal,
visible, and worldwide. When He returns, the righteous dead will be
resurrected, and together with the righteous living will be glorified and
taken to heaven, but the unrighteous will die. The almost complete
fulfillment of most lines of prophecy, together with the present condition
of the world, indicates that Christ's coming is imminent. The time of that
event has not been revealed, and we are therefore exhorted to be ready at
all times. (Titus 2:13; Heb. 9:28; John 14:1-3; Acts 1:9-11; Matt. 24:14;
Rev. 1:7; Matt. 24:43, 44; 1 Thess. 4:13-18; 1 Cor. 15:51-54; 2 Thess.
1:7-10; 2:8; Rev. 14:14-20; 19:11-21; Matt. 24; Mark 13; Luke 21; 2 Tim.
3:1-5; 1 Thess. 5:1-6.)
25. Death and Resurrection:
The wages of sin is death. But God, who alone is immortal, will grant
eternal life to His redeemed. Until that day death is an unconscious state
for all people. When Christ, who is our life, appears, the resurrected
righteous and the living righteous will be glorified and caught up to meet
their Lord. The second resurrection, the resurrection of the unrighteous,
will take place a thousand years later. (Rom. 6:23; 1 Tim. 6:15, 16; Eccl.
9:5, 6; Ps. 146:3, 4; John 11:11-14; Col. 3:4; 1 Cor. 15:51-54; 1 Thess.
4:13-17; John 5:28, 29; Rev. 20:1-10.)
26. The Millennium and the End of Sin:
The millennium is the thousand-year reign of Christ with His saints in
heaven between the first and second resurrections. During this time the
wicked dead will be judged; the earth will be utterly desolate, without
living human inhabitants, but occupied by Satan and his angels. At its
close Christ with His saints and the Holy City will descend from heaven to
earth. The unrighteous dead will then be resurrected, and with Satan and
his angels will surround the city; but fire from God will consume them and
cleanse the earth. The universe will thus be freed of sin and sinners
forever. (Rev. 20; 1 Cor. 6:2, 3; Jer. 4:23-26; Rev. 21:1-5; Mal. 4:1; Eze.
28:18, 19.)
27. The New Earth: On the
new earth, in which righteousness dwells, God will provide an eternal home
for the redeemed and a perfect environment for everlasting life, love,
joy, and learning in His presence. For here God Himself will dwell with
His people, and suffering and death will have passed away. The great
controversy will be ended, and sin will be no more. All things, animate
and inanimate, will declare that God is love; and He shall reign forever.
Amen. (2 Peter 3:13; Isa. 35; 65:17-25; Matt. 5:5; Rev. 21:1-7; 22:1-5;
11:15.)
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